The Australian Budget has a history of running small deficits and surpluses with occasional blowouts. Contemporary history has seen General Government net debt to GDP approach 20% under Labor in 1995 and the Coalition in 2017. In between, a Coalition government under Prime Minister John Howard and Treasurer Peter Costello ran surpluses sufficient to pay net debt down to zero during Australia’s mining boom.
Ratings agencies have adjusted the sovereign credit rating over time to reflect this ebbing and flowing of debt. In 1975, Standard and Poors rated Australia AAA. By 1989 the rating had dropped two notches to AA. It was subsequently upgraded again to AAA as the Howard Government operated consecutive surpluses.
The major vulnerability for the Australian Budget is the external imbalance in an economy that runs persistent current account deficits. Because Australian banks borrow so much money in international markets largely to fund domestic mortgages they are constantly at risk of international liquidity shocks.
The Australian Budget steps in with public guarantees to the banking system when this happens. Thus, although the Australian Budget has relatively low debt-to-GDP metrics, credit rating agencies demand that they remain that way to preserve the AAA rating as a backstop to bank borrowing.
Australian politics insists that Australia sustain budget surpluses ostensibly because it is equated with good economic management. In truth, the surplus is simply a figment of the property bubble at the heart of the Australian economy that requires the support of the tax-payer to persist. The Australian Budget is the key stone in the Australian credit arch.
In recent years the Australian Budget has deteriorated as the structure of the economy has left is denuded of growth sources. As the mining booms passed and the enormous household debt (186% of GDP) stalled consumption and investment, fiscal deficits became a key component in GDP growth.
As well, the disintegration of Australian political integrity associated with the end of the mining boom period doomed the Budget to successive regimes of neglect.
This very obviously undermined its role in the above system exposing Australia to deeper adjustments during future periods of global stress.
MacroBusiness covers all apposite data and wider analysis of these issues daily.
By Leith van Onselen Yesterday, Shadow Treasurer, Joe Hockey, delivered his budget reply speech to the National Press Club (below), which contained some spurious assertions about the causes of recent budget deficits, whilst ignoring the former Howard Government’s role in creating the current structural budget deficit. Let’s take a look. The Government’s sixth budget fundamentally
By Leith van Onselen From the AFR today comes news that the Coalition has identified $75 billion of expenditure cuts and tax increases over the next four years required in order to address the “fiscal emergency” and return the Budget to surplus: As well as the $43 billion in cuts and tax rises contained in
Cross-posted from The Conversation More than a decade ago the federal treasury produced the first Intergenerational Report (IGR), warning of the challenges facing the Australian economy due to demographic change. The IGR warned that the living standards of future generations would depend on the decisions made at that time. Unfortunately budgetary decisions made in the
On Tuesday and Wednesday we were all treated to an inundation of Budget media and research. Last night was Tony Abbott’s Budget reply and there is an echoing silence today. The MSM vaguely gestures a hand at it and there is NO research in the markets that I can find. The best I’ve come with
By Leith van Onselen Tonight’s Budget reply speech from Tony Abbott is set to be yet another display of “small target” politics. We can expect the Opposition leader to bag-out the Government’s financial record, all the while recycling the myth that the former Coalition Howard/Costello Government was a sound financial manager, a view debunked recently
It is quite something to watch how far out of step Australia’s political Budget narrative is with the reality of the current and future role of government spending in the economy. The Opposition’s constant attacks, along with the loon pond agenda loose in the MSM business press, has everyone thinking that this Budget is a
By Leith van Onselen Finally, a mainstream commentator – Jessica Irvine – has nailed the dilemma facing the Federal Budget, irrespective of who wins office in the upcoming election. From News.com.au: Australia’s economic party is well and truly over. …Our once in a century mining boom is at an end and we have precious little
By Leith van Onselen Well, the 2013-14 Federal Budget is in the bag and apparently Australia is headed back into Budget balance by 2015-16 and into surplus by 2016-17: For this year rather than a small surplus we will see an $18 billion deficit and $19.4 billion miss from last year’s forecasts. Here are the
You can read UE on the optimistic assumptions underpinning last night’s Budget. They are now universally understood as risky. The question is, why? We could assume Treasury is a fatal optimist. It would not be without foundation. It’s embrace of the “sell ’em dirt” policy over the past few years has been spectacular. And Treasury
By Leith van Onselen In today’s MacroBusiness podcast with Houses & Holes, I discuss three medium to long-term headwinds that are facing the Federal Budget, which are likely to lock the Government into deficits for years to come irrespective of who wins office in the upcoming election. The first of these headwinds are the falling
Click for an MB discussion with David Llewellyn-Smith and Leith van Onselen (narrated by Gunnamatta) on the import and otherwise of tonight’s Federal Budget, as well as its place in the history and future of the Australian economy.
From the AFR: Foreign Minister Bob Carr has confirmed Australia will delay for another year a commitment to lift foreign aid to 0.5 per cent of gross domestic income. As the Australian Financial Review reported on Monday, the measure could save as much as $3 billion. The cuts will see Australia’s foreign embassy in
Find below a nicely up-to-the-minute Budget preview from Westpac. Er 20130509 Bull Budget Preview 2013
The drip feed of exclusive Government budget cuts to the AFR continues today with carbon tax cuts next on the chopping block: Labor’s carbon package is in tatters, with $1.4 billion of tax cuts scheduled for 2015 to be dumped in next Tuesday’s budget, and cuts to clean-energy initiatives, because a slump in the European
Fresh of the presses: That will have an impact across the budget period and what I can confirm is that the impact in the current financial year, between last year’s budget and this year’s budget looks to be in the order of $17 billion. …Ms Wong said as a result of falling revenue, the government
From the AFR this morning: The shortfall in forecast budget revenue will be between $60 billion and $80 billion from now to 2016, forcing the Gillard government to dump spending pledges, including $1.8 billion in family assistance. Next week’s federal budget will reveal the total write-down in tax collections in the current financial year will amount
From the AFR this morning comes the news that: Federal Treasury has downgraded its economic growth forecast for this year and next by a quarter of a percentage point, predicting a slowdown that would dent tax revenue and make it even harder to deliver a budget surplus. As it finalises the budget’s economic forecasts, Treasury has
Reda Cherif, economist at the IMF, and Fuad Hasanov, economist at the IMF. Cross-posted from VoxEU. Europe’s austerity-first approach has triggered research-based efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of debt-reduction strategies. This column, based on a US empirical study, suggests that an ‘austerity shock’ in a weak economy may be self-defeating. Public-debt reduction historically occurs gradually amid
The AFR is reporting today that: The federal government is scrambling to find more than $3 billion of additional savings in the two weeks before the budget after Treasury halved the projected price of carbon when Australia links to the European scheme. The government plans revise down the projected price of carbon in 2015-16 from
The assumptions behind the current parameters of the budget debate are wrong. Discussion is being dominated by the loon pond that has occupied the business media and has either no idea what it is talking about or has a vested interest in seeing the LNP elected. Take your pick. The loon pond frame is set
Oh dear. Penny Wong is on Radio National this morning describing the revenue misses in the budget claiming that there was no “economist out there who anticipated what is happening in the economy would occur for as long as it is. That is that revenues would be so depressed for so long.” bst_20130430_0740 Perhaps she
The mining propaganda machine is a well oiled and efficient instrument. It works like this: lavishly fund the industry lobby (the Minerals Council of Australia) commission a paid report into any given subject from an “expert economic consultancy” release the result “exclusively” to a major paper to dupe them into thinking they’ve got a scoop
From the AFR: Standard & Poor’s has warned that Australia’s AAA rating could be vulnerable in five years if the credit ratings agency doubts the government’s commitment to restoring the surplus, national debt keeps rising and the economy fails to self-correct. In the short term, S&P has pledged that the rating is secure because net
Chalk up another one for MB. For the past two years we’ve forecast that there will be no return to surplus for the Australian budget ever again. And now the world is waking up in a rush. Over the weekend Tony Abbott ended the Coalition’s commitment to a public surplus for the its first year
The ANZ has produced an excellent Budget preview document that is quite easy to follow and instructive. It’s conclusions are as follows: ANZ forecasts the Commonwealth budget to be in deficit by around AUD17bn in 2012-13 and around AUD7bn in 2013-14 when it is released at 7:30pm AEST on May 14. These deficits are small
By Leith van Onselen Yesterday, Jessica Irvine has posted an interesting article on Business Spectator on the budgetary headaches facing the federal government as the commodity price boom unwinds: At one point, nominal GDP was growing 7 per cent plus a year, while the real economy grew just 3 or 4 per cent. As commodity
The Australian Government released its February budget statement late Friday and the result shows a widening in the deficit miss from the MYEFO surplus forecast: The underlying cash balance for the 2012-13 financial year to 28 February 2013 was a deficit of $23,646 million compared to the Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) profiling Year to
Here’s a quick query of readers. One of the lesser know features of Australia’s GFC stimulus is that the ATO became very flexible when it came to collecting GST and income taxes. In effect it became overnight a new bank upon which all Australians could draw. Since then I’ve not really noticed much change. But
In his weekly propaganda blast yesterday, Treasurer Wayne Swan put paid to surpluses forever more it seems: While Australia’s economy walks tall in the world with solid growth, contained inflation, low interest rates, enviable public finances and unemployment with a ‘5’ in front of it, we are not without our challenges when it comes to
