How Victoria transformed into an economic wasteland

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JLL has reported that the Melbourne CBD office vacancy rate rose from 19.6% in the June quarter to 19.8% in September.

By contrast, Sydney’s CBD office vacancy rate contracted from 15.6% to 14.7%, with Brisbane and Canberra also recording falls in vacancy rates. The national CBD vacancy rate improved by 30 basis points to 15.1% quarter-on-quarter.

CBD office vacancy rates

“Melbourne’s still a basket case. From Queen Street and William Street out towards the west, vacancy rates are very high and that’s not going to change any time soon”, Steve Urwin, director of tenant advocacy firm Kernel Property, said.

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“There is so little demand from tenants seeking 2000 square metres and above, so we’re not seeing where future demand is going to come from”.

This follows data from the Australian Securities & Investment Commission (ASIC) showing that Victoria recorded the lowest number of businesses registered per 1,000 existing firms in 2023-24:

New company registrations
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Victoria recorded only 80.5 new business registrations per 1,000, well below 99.8 in South Australia, 98.2 in Queensland, 95.3 in New South Wales, and 93.4 in Western Australia.

A detailed investigation published in the Weekend Australian shows that Victoria’s economic situation is dire.

Government spending has more than doubled in the decade since Daniel Andrews took power, with state government debt growing by 319%.

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State government debt

As a result, per capita public debt in Victoria now stands at $28,000 per person, 40% higher than other major states.

Victorian debt per capita

Source: The Australian

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Productivity in Victoria is also poor, rising at less than one-third the rate in NSW. Private capital investment is also lagging, limiting the private sector’s long-term capacity to expand.

Victorian productivity growth

Source: The Australian

These factors have constrained household income growth and the state’s ability to raise taxes.

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Put simply, Victoria has been forced to fund higher repayments on its debt out of lower incomes, resulting in higher average tax rates.

State taxation revenue to GSP

Source: The Australian

Interest rates on Victoria’s public debt have been pushed to almost one percentage point above the 10-year commonwealth bond rate.

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Victoria's cost of debt

Source: The Australian

As a result, debt servicing costs have increased by over $1 billion each year.

Victorian budget interest costs
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The Victorian Treasury’s budget forecasts have also proven wrong by $5 billion a year since 2014-15, with promised surpluses being lower and deficits higher.

Victorian budget forecasts

Source: The Australian

I will add that Victoria’s public sector workforce ballooned by 59% over the 15 years to 2022-23, easily exceeding the state’s population growth of 29%.

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Growth in the public sector

Source: The Australian

Victoria’s public servant wage bill expanded by 152% over the same 15-year period, easily outpacing the rest of Australia:

Growth in public sector wage bill

Source: The Australian

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As of May 2024, the average full-time weekly earnings of a Victorian public servant were $2,130, about $48 more than in New South Wales ($2,082).

The average total earnings of a Victorian public servant ($1,767) also exceeded those of New South Wales ($1,757).

Yet, despite the lavish spending on bureaucrats, Victoria’s unemployment rate is the highest in the nation:

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Unemployment rates

Victoria is the epitome of a Ponzi economy. It is wholly reliant on extreme immigration-driven population growth and government spending.

Victorian population growth
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However, individual living standards are collapsing under the endless population crush, falling productivity, and ballooning state debt.

About the author
Leith van Onselen is Chief Economist at the MB Fund and MB Super. He is also a co-founder of MacroBusiness. Leith has previously worked at the Australian Treasury, Victorian Treasury and Goldman Sachs.