From Greg Jericho today:
The simple explanation for our current high level of underemployment is that we have a lot more people working part-time than in the past, and therefore it only serves to reason that we would have more underemployed.
And yet there is more to it than that. One big difference is that now more part-time workers want to work more hours than they did in the past. At the start of this century, 25% of male and 16% of women part-time workers wanted more hours; now it is 33% and 23% respectively.