Contrary to the image a property investor might conjure up – a wealthy full-time property speculator – most residential investors in Australia don’t actually rely on it as their primary source of income.
In reality, Australia’s residential investment market is dominated by people who, having bought their own home, have moved onto buying an investment property. These small-scale investors own 83% of all investment properties.
However, the top 10 postcodes chosen by residential investors to buy property (between 2003 and 2009) include Cairns (QLD), Mandurah (WA), Torquay (VIC), Mackay (QLD) and Launceston (TAS).
Why do they invest?
Our research shows the main reasons for accessing finance to buy a house, other than to live in it, are income and wealth accumulation.
Some investors invest because they see it as a long-term, secure, ‘bricks and mortar’ investment. To these investors other types of assets (such as shares and bonds) may seem harder to understand and it may be more costly to enter these markets.
This reason becomes more prominent during periods of strong house price appreciation. For example, between 2003 and 2009 year-to-year average house price inflation has been 8.9%.
Academics have also argued that the Australian taxation system motivates – rather than facilitates – housing investment, as investors are able to access 50% deduction on capital gains and negative gearing. Another motivator to invest in real estate may be more mortgage finance access; for example, between 2003 and 2009 the average 12-month housing credit growth has been of 14.6%.
Of course there are other reasons to invest, such as moving up or down and maintaining other property as an investment, or getting a holiday home and keeping it as an investment too. There are also “unintentional” real estate investors that may have inherited or acquired property.
Most residential investors are your average Australians, who invest in rural or regional areas as a secondary source of income and to gain equity. So when thinking about who is the typical Australian retail investor, you could probably look at your neighbour.
Article by Maria Yanotti, Lecturer of Economics and Finance Tasmanian School of Business & Economics, University of Tasmania